Arefe Maghsoudi & Shokoufe Sadeghi- The Tasks

Unit One



 TASK TWELVE : Reducing informality 

''' 1. '''1. This model can be used to analyze the effects of several parameter changes.



''' 2. '''2. Coffee prices have fallen for many reasons.



<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">'''<span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. '''<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">3.The difference between these two approaches to designing underground subway stations can clearly be seen.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">'''<span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. '''<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">4. Recent research has shown that the arms are commonly used for protection during a fall to the ground.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">'''<span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. 5.  '''<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">To date, no comprehensive study has examined the role of smiling in gaining the initial trust of individuals.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">'''<span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 6. '''<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">6.Some studies have concluded that bamboo could be more widely used than it is now as a construction material.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">'''<span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 7. '''<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">7. These special tax laws have been enacted in six Midwestern states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Michigan, and Minnesota.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l3 level1 lfo1">'''<span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 8. '''<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">8. Little research has been done on the use of oil palm shell as coarse aggregate in the production of concrete.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK FIFTEEN: Editing for punctuation 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Although most major companies provide their employees e-mail accounts as well as internet access, many of these companies are concerned about potential abuse and monitor their employees’ use of these media. 2In fact, more than 75% of all major corporations report that they monitor their employees’ use of e-mail and internet access, either by spot-checking or constant surveillance. 3Businesses have many reasons for monitoring e-mail and internet use; for example, they may be worried about lawsuits arising from sexual harassment because of mass mailing of offensive jokes. 4In addition, there may be concerns about productivity. 5Recent studies have shown that nearly 86% of employees use e-mail and cruise the web for personal reasons, thus leading many companies to ban unproductive e-mail, such as jokes, and to restrict Web access.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK SIXTEEN:Choosing linking words and phrases 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l12 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> A.     <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 2: For example

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 4: While/Although

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 6: First blank: therefore/hence

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">                    Second blank: thus

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l12 level1 lfo2"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> B.     <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 2: First blank: however

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">                    Second blank: thus

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 3: while/whereas

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 4: Although/Even though

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 6: For example

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Language Focus: this + Summary Word 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">As you know, “unsupported” this is very common in spoken English and in informal writing, but it is somewhat contraindicated in formal writing. Choosing a summary noun to follow a sentence-initial this is an empowering device for writers. It enables them to communicate to the reader how the previous sentence is being interpreted. Here is an example from David Charles, who was a pioneer in this area.

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"> The students said they                 This request surprised the authorities.

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"> Wanted more tests,                       This statement surprised the authorities.

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify">                                                          This demand surprised the authorities.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">                                                          This ultimatum surprised the authorities.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">In the sample sentences in the textbook, this understanding refers to understanding the differences between formal and informal texts; this situation refers to the mismatch between the number of applicants to Ph.D. programs and the number of spaces available.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"">TASK SEVENTEEN: Choosing a summary word 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This task is a subtle exercise in summary word management. It is a matter of getting students to see that the word choice is highly strategic.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">1. Four of the possible nouns are neutral, while one, improvement, is highly evaluative. Improvementwould seem to belong more to persuasive than to expository rhetoric. Three of the others look like good candidates; drop does not, since the time frame is 30 years.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 2. 2.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The second one is even more difficult. Increase seems tame given that the nonstudent population of the town is about 90,000. Invasion seems journalistic. Jump seems strange since the increase is maintained. Rise is OK, but influx seems to us to be the perfect term to describe the phenomenon. This is a difficult example, and if the studentsdidn,t get this one, that’s OK.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l10 level1 lfo3"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">3. Clearly, changes is insufficiently pointed and uninformative.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">The other three are all reasonable candidates, but to us the previous sentence seems to point to improvementsmore than developments or advances, since there is no technical discussion of changes.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"">TASK EIGHTEEN: Choosing a summary word 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l23 level1 lfo4"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> 1. View                                   4. Process

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l23 level1 lfo4"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> 2. Finding                              5. Disruption

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l23 level1 lfo4"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> 3. Problem                            6. situation

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"">TASK NINETEEN: Choosing a summary word 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Some good answers would be the following.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l16 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Method/approach

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l16 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Decrease/improvement

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l16 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Conclusion

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l16 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Phenomenon

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l16 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">trend

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"">TASK TWENTY-ONE: Revising 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Turkey is located in the Central Anatolian Fault Zone which lies along the northern part of the country, running from south east to northwest. Nearly each year the country suffers severe earthquakes caused by ruptures in the fault Zone, which is one of the most active in the world. 4These earthquakes cause a great deal of damage and many deaths, not only because of the nature of the fault zone, but mainly because many cities and highways have been built on the fault and because the potential danger of this big giant has largely been ignored in regional planning of the country. 7Some of the   most serious damage in recent history occurred in an August 1999 earthquake that affected a two   kilometer wide area and caused approximately 20,000 deaths along with millions of dollars physical damage in three cities. 9in order to lessen the amount of physical damage and loss of life caused by earthquakes, researchers have begun working on some early warning systems to alert citizens about an impending earthquake. 10Although the warning systems being developed can warn people only as little as 10 seconds before an earthquake, this amount of time may be enough to get people to safety, especially if there is a thorough evacuation plan. 11As a result, the warning system may help to decrease, at least, the death rates in the earthquakes.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">TASK TWENTY-TWO: Editing for grammar errors 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">The discovery of fossil fuels has had a big effect on the development of cities. The use of the automobile has become the most important

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">Element supporting ᴓ modern society. And, since a few decades ago, the finiteness of natural resources has beena source of heated controversy. Cities and their development will certainly be affected.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi">A <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi"> greater focus on accessible public transportation has been one change in current urban planning discussions. It is widely believed that there will be an effort to redesign cities in order to promote the use of public transportation.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWENTY-THREE: Editing for spelling errors 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">There is considerable doubt whether this solution will be effective.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">The initial reaction to the report has not been complimentary. In fact, many observers believe that collapse of the system is imminent.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Positioning 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The point of Figure 3 is to show how all of these considerations contribute to positioning. Macro considerations, such as audience and purpose, are very important, but without attention to micro characteristics, writing can be less effective.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWENTY-FOUR: Identifying characteristics 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251658240;left:0px; margin-left:-2px;margin-top:25px;width:506px;height:2px"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Helpful for positioning 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The last task is designed to refocus student’s attention on the broader strategic issues that have provided the underlying rationale for this unit. Although variation is possible, our own responses to the eight statements follow.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">1. U

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 2. 2.    <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This is kind of a gray area; at this stage, we think, on the whole, that it should be discouraged, although we know of cases where it can be highly successful.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 3. 3.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Certainly, yes, H

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">4.Certainly, no, U

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">5.Yes, indeed, H

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 6. 6.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Yes, indeed, H

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 7. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">7. Except when specifically asked to do this, graduate students should refrain from overreliance on personal experience.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 8. 8.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This should only be done with balance. One should avoid an all-out attack. Always allow for “praise where praise is due.” This issue reappears in Units Six, Seven, and Eight.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l25 level1 lfo6"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 9. 9.  <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Yes, indeed, H

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> Unit Two

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK ONE: Analyzing a GS text

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l26 level1 lfo7"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">1) Meetings tourism and its importance

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo8"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> a.       <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Size of meetings

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo8"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> b.       <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Locations of meetings

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">2) Importance of meetings tourism in postindustrial urban renewal

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">a. Growth in the meetings tourism market in the U.S.

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">b. Growth in international conferences

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">c. Importance of meetings tourism in comparison to leisure tourism in Europe

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">One question that may arise at this point is how you get “more specific” in a GS test. In other words how can one best move from the general to the specific? Be prepared!

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l26 level1 lfo7"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This question usually generates some debate, but here is one possibility. Statement a could be a new sentence 7, while the point in Statement b could be incorporated into sentence 8 after the citation. Sentence 8 could then be split. The latter part of the sentence, after making, could be rewritten as a new sentence 9.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l26 level1 lfo7"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Presumably there are other definitions for meetings tourism, and this is the one that the authors have chosen to use.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">The “Selling Cities” passage began with a general statement, which also includes a definition, as do many GS texts. This makes for a nice transition to the discussion on generalizations and later definitions.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi">General Statements 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">I <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">t’s probably a good idea to start this section by explaining what a generalization is. It is surprising to us how many students don’t really know what we mean by the term generalization. However, a few good examples are usually enough to get the point across. This section raises the issue of audience again.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK FOUR: Identifying definitional elements 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">1.In addition to the examination of historical records, a study of the geologic record of past seismic activities, called paleo-seismology, can be used to evaluate the occurrence and size of earthquakes in the region. Geomorphic (surface landform) and trench studies may reveal the number of past seismic events, slip per event, and timing of the events at a specific fault.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 2. 2.  <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">It should be noted that cell phones are not necessarily the same as car phones, i.e., devices intended for permanent installation in the vehicle and which may have separate handset/dial units.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 3. 3.     <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The  <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">uncertainty associated with the energy obtained from other types of nonutility generators (NUGs), i.e., thermal and hydro, is relatively small compared to that associated with wind.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">4. Average raw scores on IQ tests have been rising for years (Flynn, 1984, 1987, 1999), by an estimated three IQ points per decade (Neisser, 1998). This rise, known as the Flynn effect, has received much attention, though its exact nature recently was questioned.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">5. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living green plants for in situ, or inplace , risk reduction for contaminated soil , sediments , and groundwater. (Note the definition within the definition here!)

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 6. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">6. Procrastination refers to deliberately putting off one’s intended actions.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 7. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">7.Tax evasion is defined as intentionally paying fewer taxes than the law requires, as a deliberate act of noncompliance.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 8. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">8. Software watermarking is a process in which identifying information is embedded into a file, enabling authors to control the distribution of and verify ownership of their digital information. The purpose of software watermarking is to protect the intellectual property that belongs to the author.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 9. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">9. Road pricing is a transportation control measure that requires motorists to pay directly for using a particular roadway or driving in a particular area. Economists have long advocated road pricing as an efficient and fair way to pay roadway costs and encourage more efficient transportation. Road pricing has three general objectives: revenue generation, a reduction in pollution, and congestion management. One simple road pricing instrument is area licensing, which requires a motorist to purchase a permit to take a vehicle into a designated urban area during peak traffic hours.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l13 level1 lfo9"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 10. 10.    <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Collecting, defined as the process of actively, selectively, and passionately acquiring and possessing things removed from ordinary use and perceived as part of a set of non-identical objects or experiences (Belk 1995), is an acquisitive, possessive, and materialistic pursuit. (Note the definition within the definition here!)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251659264;margin-left: -2px;margin-top:59px;width:608px;height:2px"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK NINE: Handling prepositions in restrictive relative clauses 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Students find this exercise useful but challenging. Instructors may be asked for more examples. Be prepared.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">1.with

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">2.in

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">3. to

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">4. from

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">5. in

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">6. about

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">7. in

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">8. to

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">9. with

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">10. in <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Whereby 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">In our experience, students like this word. They think it sounds so academic. Students could be asked to make up one or two definitions of their own using whereby.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:13.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:16.0pt; line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Care in Constructing formal Definitions 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This is a good opportunity to discuss the differences between spoken and written English again-to recycle some of the points that were raised in Unit One.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:13.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TEN: Choosing an appropriate class word or phrase 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This task lets the students struggle with choosing an appropriate class word or phrase. Choosing the class is often easier said than done.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">1. a consonant- a speech sound

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">2. an ellipse- a closed plane, a geometric shape

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">3. mitosis- a process in living cell division

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">4. neon- an inert gas

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">5. a composite- several possibilities here. an image made up many images, a material, a collection of data elements

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">6. a semiconductor- a material with temprature- dependent electrical flow

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">7. thermal toughening- a process

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">8. oxidation- a chemical process

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">9. cancer- a disease

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">10. privatization- also a process, but in economics or public policy

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">11. intervention- a well-planned clinical process

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">                    The Renaissance was a time when …

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">                    Antarctica is a place where …

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251666432;margin-left: -2px;margin-top:53px;width:535px;height:2px"> <span style="font-size:15.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">TASK NINETEEN: Discussing a concept from different perspectives 

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The general definition of procrastination is not contrastive. It’s a rather straightforward definition. The authors do, however, show a contrast between optimistic and pessimistic procrastinators.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 1. 1.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">There are many aspects of the text that make it seem “academic”: the citations, the vocabulary (e.g., engage in rather than do in sentence 2), and the use of a summary phrase (sentence 4), to name a few.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 2. 2.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The general definition of procrastination provides a good backdrop against which to discuss the two types of procrastinator.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 3. 3.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Yes, sentence 7 tells the reader exactly what (and how many types of procrastinator) will be discussed next. (Highlight this as a form of metadiscourse and explain the usefulness of such expressions.)

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">4.Sentence 3: instead

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 6 and 10: moreover

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 11: in contrast

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 13: nevertheless

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 15: therefore

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">5.This phenomenon <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> refers to procrastination.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 6. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">6. There are times when procrastination takes place for good reason.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 7. 7.   <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">A paragraph break would be appropriate before Sentence 7.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 8. 8.  <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Writing the references into the sentences would place greater emphasis on the researchers.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 9. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">9. The authors might summarize the main differences between the two types, discuss the ramifications of each type, and/or discuss the proposal of their paper.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 10. 10.  <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">It might answer these questions: Are there different kinds of procrastinator? Can the two kinds of procrastinator change their behavior?

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l11 level1 lfo12"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 11. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Psychology

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWENTY-ONE: Analyzing a comparative definition 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo13"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 4,7, and 10,

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo13"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Present tense. The theories are “timeless.” Although they were formulated in the past, they are still widely accepted today.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo13"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 5: In other words

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 6: therefore,

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 7: on the other hand,

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 8: for example

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 9: In other words

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 16: For instance

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The purpose is either for explanation/exemplification or to indicate contrasts among the competing theories.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo13"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">There are a number of possibilities: perhaps a discussion of the writer’s own theory of humor in which flaws in the other theories are presented. Perhaps an expansion of one of the theories; most likely an analysis of a humorous situation (play, book, movie, or something else), using each of the competing theories or demonstrating how they do not always work.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo13"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The text is actually a general review of different theories. It is mostly a GS text, but it doesn’t get more and more specific with each sentence. The text reaches a particular level of specificity and then remains at that level. It doesn’t provide very specific detail for each of the theories.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo13"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 6. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">No, It simply says that modern theories are variations of old ones, and it only specifically mentions superiority theory and incongruity theory. (There is no complicated motive behind this. Chris simply had exhausted all her resources and did not look for modern versions of all the theories.)

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l24 level1 lfo13"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 7. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">If Chris expressed a preference, it was not intentional. Note the absence of evaluative language. However, she has a strong preference for incongruity theory. If she had wanted to express a preference, she would have discussed the incongruity theory last, rather than in the middle. Discussing the preferred point of view in final position is a common rhetorical strategy. (See Unit Eight for more one this.)

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> Unit Three

<p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK SIX: Flow of ideas in a process

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">We think the difference between the two passages is rather clear.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Passage B flows better because of the use of linking words.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251667456;margin-left: 1px;margin-top:53px;width:564px;height:2px"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK SEVEN: Improving the flow of ideas in a process description

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo14"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The oil is skimmed from the surface using a boom and then pumped into a tank for recycling.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo14"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">After being harvested, the grapes are crushed to release the pulp and seed and then fermented for three weeks.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo14"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">First <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">, the glass is cut to size and inspected to determine if it has any imperfections. It is then heated to over 600 ͦC and cooled, in a step known as quenching.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo14"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">A vessel taken from the leg is grafted to the aorta and the coronary artery beyond the narrowed area, thus allowing blood to flow to the heart muscle.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l5 level1 lfo14"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">When water from rain or melted snow percolates into the ground through cracks, it is heated by the underlying rocks to temperatures well above the boiling. The water does not boil but, rather, becomes superheated and pressurized, causing it to eventually burst out of the ground in an explosive steam eruption.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TEN: Identifying sentences

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">as part of the problem, process, or solution

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo15"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Problem                                             5. Process

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo15"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Problem or possibly process             6. Problem

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo15"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Problem or possibly process             7. Solution

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l9 level1 lfo15"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Solution                                              8. Solution

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWELVE: Deciding when to use

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">An –ing clause of result or other linking word

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The following answers seem the most appropriate to us.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo16"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">b

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo16"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">c

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo16"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">b

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> Unit Four

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK ONE: Sorting sentences in terms of strength of claim

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">This is a quick exercise designed to illustrate the key point made in the immediately preceding text. Pair work is a possibility. Our answer would be:

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo17"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> a. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">4                         d.   3

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo17"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> b. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">1                         e.   2

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l17 level1 lfo17"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> c. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">5                         f.   6

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">But as we say in the textbook, some disagreement-especially about options a,d, and e---can be expected.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Types of Data Commentary

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">We give five possible goals for a DC. You and your class may come up with others. Typically, of course, several of these goals may be combined. The main point to make is that all of them involve evaluation; none of them consists simply of description.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWO: Analyzing a DC

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">If you start a class with Unit Four, you will probably do this in class on that day. We suggest pair work and reporting back.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">          Here are our own answers to the questions.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The commentary starts in Sentence 3.

<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:54.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 1—definition; sentence 2—statement of problem.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Ah, interesting question! In many ways, yes (see Unit Three), but note that the author offers no perfect solution to reducing the number of virus infections, even though she emphasizes the importance of antivirus programs.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Lots of possibilities here: the formal vocabulary; the absence of references to people (e.g, “concern over” in sentence 2); the uses of the passive; nonfinite –ing clauses; sentence complexity, especially in sentences 4 and 6; and so on.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 5 seems more highlighted than sentence 4.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 6. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Discuss the implications of the data.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 7. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This seems very reasonable, given the importance of this mode of infection.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo18"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 8. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">This might be the moment to discuss the “rounding” of numbers. Alternative b looks a bit flat and alternative a possibly a bit enthusiastic (is 87% really “about 90%”?). Also the intensifying as much as (and other comparable expressions) can be sold as a useful way of enlivening the text.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK FOUR: Indicative and informative summaries

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Table 9 goes well as part of homework.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi">TABLE 9 Indicative and informative verbs 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:54.0pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-align:justify"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Eyechart","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">  

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">                 TASK FIVE: Analyzing a DC in a journal article

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">                No specific answer.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">                   Linking as-Clauses 

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">        You may want to point out that in “as it has been proved” (sentence a) as                    equals since, but that this is not the case with sentence b.

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">We are not actually sure whether we have got the prepositional usages correct. For example, would you accept “As can be seen from Table 3” Further help with this would be appreciated.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK SIX: Choosing prepositions

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo19"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">in                          6. in

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo19"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">by                         7. With …of

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo19"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">in                          8. by

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo19"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">in                          9. by

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l15 level1 lfo19"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">in                        10. in

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK NINE: Choosing verbs that make the we <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">aker claim

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">In our view, the following are the weaker verbs.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l22 level1 lfo20"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Indicate                      6. suggest

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l22 level1 lfo20"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Suggest                      7. influenced

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l22 level1 lfo20"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Question                     8. neglected

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l22 level1 lfo20"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Support                       9. encouraged

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l22 level1 lfo20"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Assumed                   10. depict

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWENTY: Re-assembling a scrambled DC

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">This is a challenging exercise. It is much better to have the sentences on separate slips bundled up in envelopes to distribute to groups. Do this if you can. One appropriate order follows.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo21"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> a. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">7                          f.   8

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo21"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> b. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">2                          g.   9

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo21"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> c. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">4                        h.   3

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo21"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> d. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">5                           i.   6

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo21"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> e.        <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">1

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">This DC is organized in the standard manner.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Location + indicative summary

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Highlight 1

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Explanation

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Highlight 2

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Implications of the data

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> Unit Five

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK FOUR: Evaluating comments on a summary

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 6. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 7. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 8. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Reasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 9. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Unreasonable

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 10. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">It seems unreasonable to specify that the length of a summary should be some particular proportion of the original. We both were “trained” to follow the one-third rule, but this does not seem to be useful advice. At times, one sentence is enough; at others, several paragraphs may be necessary. The reason for writing the summary will influence its length. If an instructor specifies a particular length, however, that is another matter.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l14 level1 lfo22"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 11. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">   As outsiders to this area of research, it’s hard to say. How old is too old when it comes to research? Answers to this question will depend on the area of study.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK SIX: Objectivity of reporting verbs

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">This is how we filled out the table.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi">TABLE 19   Objectivity of Reporting verbs 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251681792;left:0px; margin-left:94px;margin-top:6px;width:445px;height:2px"> <span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251679744;left:0px;margin-left:257px; margin-top:6px;width:131px;height:35px"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">describe                                         x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">recommend (that)                       x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">claim (that)                                                                              x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">assume (that)                                                                        x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">contend (that)                                                                       x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">propose (that)                              x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">theorize (that)                             x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">support                                          x

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">examine                                         x

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK ELEVEN: Determining where plagiarism ends and original work begins

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK THIRTEEN: Writing on original summary

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Students often have difficulty finding their own articles. We suggest you have a few on hand in case somebody needs one. Students will want to know what type and length of article is suitable. Textbook passages usually do not work well Newspaper or popular magazine articles may cause problems because of differences in writing styles.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:absolute;z-index:251685888;left:0px; margin-left:92px;margin-top:46px;width:521px;height:2px"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"">TASK FOURTEEN: Finding an approach to writing a comparative summary

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">There is no right or wrong approach to organizing a response to each of these questions. However, some approaches may be better for positioning than others. We offer some suggestions from our students.

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Unit Six

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK SIX: Critically reading an article

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l27 level1 lfo23"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Applied linguists, sociologists, or other academic group concerned about the language of research publications.

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l27 level1 lfo23"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Since we have such a short piece, it’s hard to say with certainty. At the very least the purpose is to question whether English is as dominant in research publication as has been proposed.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l27 level1 lfo23"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Probably this: Is English as dominant a language of research publication as researchers think?

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l27 level1 lfo23"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The author concludes that it is not clear that English is as dominant as has been proposed.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK SEVEN: Evaluating evaluative adjectives

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">   0   =   neutral, uncertain, ambiguous

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">In this ____________ study, Jones and Wang attempt to show that. ..

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK FOURTEEN: Special subject-verb agreement

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l21 level1 lfo24"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">was                           4. were

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l21 level1 lfo24"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">were                          5. was

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l21 level1 lfo24"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">were                          6. Were

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:68.25pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:68.25pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">A small number. . . were. ..

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:68.25pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The small number. . . was. ..

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:68.25pt"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> Unit seven

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:68.25pt"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWO: Analyzing an SC

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo25"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">We presume that Allen Kurta did most of the writing; as we can see from the references, he has already written several pieces on bats. William Martinus apparently found the rare bat.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo25"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">There appear to be four SCs: Davis; Fujita and kuntz; Kurta, Schumacher, et al; and Timm. Two of the other references are to books, and the final two are to longer papers (both coauthored by Kurta himself).

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo25"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Paragraph 1: Status of Eastern Pipistrelle in Michigan

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Paragraph 2: Discovery of a new specimen

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Paragraph 3: Details of the specimen

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Paragraph 4: Why the bat died; behavior of this species in Michigan

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Paragraph 5: Possible reasons for the bats being found where they have been

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo25"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">They use the phrase “Herein we report a new county record.”

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">This occurs at the end of their opening paragraph. They used the earlier part of the paragraph to establish the rarity of the species in Michigan.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo25"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Allen Kurta is an expert on bats. (He is also a professor of biology at Eastern Michigan University.)

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l19 level1 lfo25"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 6. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The most obvious place to cut would be paragraph 2, which might be reduced to a couple of sentences.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK EIGHTEEN: Analyzing part of a Discussion

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l20 level1 lfo28"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Four (sentences 2,4,5, and 7).

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l20 level1 lfo28"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. ''<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Cf. <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> stands for the Latin conferre'' and now means “compare.” It is often deliberately vague, as when authors do not want to deail the exact relationships among items from the previous literature. See Appendix Two in the textbook for more on Latin expressions.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l20 level1 lfo28"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The results are much more detailed,including a table and several individual quotations. The Discussion is more general, relates to the relevant literature, reiterates that “[t]his phenomenon in the children requires specific attention,” and goes on to make some practical recommendations. Indeed, it does most of the things mentioned in the series of or-statements.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK NINETEEN: Analyzing another part of the same Discussion

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l18 level1 lfo27"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Yes in a sense. On the local level, it discusses ways of reducing problems with an interview methodology. More generally, it does not deal with the actual problem of reducing children’s postoperative pain.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l18 level1 lfo27"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Good news →bad news. The opening good news immediately signals achievement, while the bad news indicates sensitivity to problems in the methodology.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l18 level1 lfo27"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence 1: some defects

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 2: some children may have tried

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">Sentence 3: problems that may have disturbed

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.4pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l18 level1 lfo27"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Here is one of several possibilities.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">For example, some children suffered from severe headaches which impaired their ability to concentrate on the questions.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">In the article itself, we find

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">For example, practical issues independent of the researcher included conducting the interviews just prior to the child’s discharge, and use of an unfamiliar room as the place for conducting interviews.

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l18 level1 lfo27"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The first author (1) personally coded and analyzed the data, (2) coded the categories three times at one-month intervals, (3) discussed discrepancies with two independent researchers, and (4) supported her categorization from previous research.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:86.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">How many did you get?

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWENTY-ONE: Analyzing titles

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi">TABLE 29 RP Title Analysis 

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="mso-ignore:vglayout;position:relative;z-index:251701248;left:-14px; top:8px;width:672px;height:340px"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">The questions arise with whether hospitalized could be considered a verb in title 7 and whether angle-of-attack is one word or three in title 8.

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Copperplate Gothic Bold","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">TASK TWENTY-THREE: Comparing two versions of an Abstract

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo26"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 1. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Both versions qualify.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo26"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 2. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Version A is “results driven,” and version B is an “RP summary.”

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo26"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 3. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Version A uses the past tense except for the concluding sentence; version B uses the present tense except when describing results.

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; mso-list:l0 level1 lfo26"><span style="font-size:14.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi"> 4. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Our guess is that generally people in science will prefer version A because it concentrates on the “facts.” People in other fields may prefer version B because it explains better why the study was undertaken.

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo26"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi"> 5. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">Sentence connectors, position, academic writing.

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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi">

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<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left:68.25pt;mso-add-space: auto"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi">

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